Peter, 72 years old

Peter, a 72-year-old retired engineer, was diagnosed with T1 high-grade (HG) non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) 18 months ago. Following a successful transurethral resection of the bladder tumour (TURBT) and re-TURBT without further pathology, he received a full induction course of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy followed by maintenance BCG.

At his initial 3-month follow-up cystoscopy, he was confirmed disease-free. According to standard guidelines for high-risk NMIBC, Peter's surveillance schedule involves frequent cystoscopies and urinary cytology every 3 months for the first 2 years.

During his next follow-up visit, Peter raises that these frequent, invasive cystoscopies cause him significant anxiety well ahead of each appointment. The continuous need for hospital visits also disrupts his otherwise active retirement, adding a considerable burden to his daily life. Moreover, he experienced a urinary tract infection (UTI) following last cystoscopy leading to delay of maintenance BCG instillation.